Germain was born in Paris to a father who was a wealthy silk merchant. Also the well established mathematician published some of her work in a later edition of the “Théorie des Nombres“. When the École Polytechnique opened in 1794, even though women were not allowed to attend as regular students, Germain obtained lecture notes for courses and submitted papers using the pseudonym M. LeBlanc. To share with more than one person, separate addresses with a comma. ." family, absorbed herself in the study of pure mathematics. After translating an article, all tools except font up/font down will be disabled. Gauss' biographer, G. Waldo Dunnington, reported that this pendulum clock was used by the great man for the rest of his life. 1776-1831. A new, third level of content, designed specially to meet the advanced needs of the sophisticated scholar. Euler proved it for n = 3 and Legendre for n= 5. The book implicitly addresses the nature and character of every scientist as one tries to understand their visible actions in both adverse and congenial environments. She mastered calculus in this manner, then took correspondence courses (under the pseudonym of M. Leblanc) from the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, where women were not accepted. Sophie Germain, in full Marie-Sophie Germain, (born April 1, 1776, Paris, France—died June 27, 1831, Paris), French mathematician who contributed notably to the study of acoustics, elasticity, and the theory of numbers. She was the first woman not related to a member by marriage to attend Academie des Sciences meetings, and was also invited to sessions at the Institut de France—another first. Pingback: Whewell’s Gazette: Year 3, Vol. By the end of the 17th century, both Leibniz and Newton claimed that the other had stolen his . AS a result accorded even more praise to her number-theoretic proofs. ." Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. The responsibility of preparing her writings for posterity was left to a nephew, Armand-Jacques Lherbette, the son of Germain's older sister. . Duhem was that rare, not to say unique, scientist whose contributions to the philosophy of sc…, Sophie Charlotte of Oldenburg (1879–1964), Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneberg (1628–1685), https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/germain-sophie, http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/history/index.html, http://www.utm.edu/research/primes/largest.html, https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sophie-germain, https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sophie-germain-0, https://www.encyclopedia.com/education/news-wires-white-papers-and-books/germain-sophie, https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sophie-germain. Born in a time when women were not permitted to attend schools of higher learning, Germain advanced her education early on by reading whatever she could in her father's library. A hint of why Gauss valued her above the men who joined him in the Academie is expressed in a letter he sent to her in 1807, to thank her for intervening on his behalf with the invading French military. ." ." Found inside – Page 53Sophie Germain (1776–1831) was a French mathematician who contributed notably to the study of acoustics, elasticity, and the theory of numbers, including Fermat's last theorem. In her childhood, Sophie Germain educated herself by poring ... 25 Oct. 2021 . Found inside – Page 71Sophie Germain ( 1776-1831 ) Germain made major contributions to number theory , acoustics , and elasticity . When she was 13 , Sophie read a book about the death of Archimedes at the hands of a Roman soldier . Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Read full answer here. The current measurement for the speed of sound is 1086.9 feet per second. His extensive library enabled his daughter to educate herself at home. Lived 1776 - 1831. In the interim she had read Gauss’s Disquisitiones arithmeticate and, under the pseudonym of Le Blanc, engaged in corrrespondent with its author. However, when the fall of the Bastille in 1789 drove the Germains' sensitive middle daughter into hiding in the family library, Marie-Sophie's life path diverged from them all. Born in a time when women were not permitted to attend schools of higher learning, Germain advanced her education early on by reading whatever she could in her father's library. Found insidehe French mathematician Sophie Germain (whose full name was MarieSophie Germain) contributed notably to the study of acoustics, elasticity, and the theory of numbers. As a girl Germain read widely in her father's library and then later, ... This book explores the interaction between music and mathematics including harmony, symmetry, digital music and perception of sound. Other notable scientists that studied acoustics include Georg Simon Ohm, Herman von Helmholtz, Karl Rudoph . [4] At the centenary of her life, a street and a girls’ school were named after her. Accessible across all of today's devices: phones, tablets, and desktops. Marie-Sophie Germain was a nineteenth-century French mathematician. (October 25, 2021). Germain continued to correspond with some of the top mathematical minds of the time, such as Adrien-Marie Legendre and Carl Friedrich Gauss. Sophie Germain, in full Marie-Sophie Germain, (born April 1, 1776, Paris, France—died June 27, 1831, Paris), French mathematician who contributed notably to the study of acoustics, elasticity, and the theory of numbers. Lagrange, Joseph Louis How did Sophie Germain contribute to the study of acoustics? She is best known for her work in number theory and contributions to the applied mathematics of acoustics and elasticity. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. What follows are eight chapters divided by . 25 Oct. 2021 . "Sophie Germain." Subsequently, she was invited to attend sessions of the Academy of Sciences and the Institut de France, but because she was a woman, she could never join either group. Research Paper On Sophie Germain. It's the birthday of Sophie Germain, who was born in 1776 in Paris, France. Sophie Germain. It was created by the famous mathematician in 19th century, Lord Rayleigh. Gauss survived her, expressing at an 1837 celebration that he regretted Germain was not alive to receive an honorary doctorate with the others being feted that day. Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. During their correspondence, Gauss gave her number theory proofs high praise, an evaluation he repeated in letters to his colleagues. He has studied the world of sound for more than thirty years and speaks extensively on his research findings to audiences throughout the United States and the United . Found inside – Page 314June 27, 1831, Paris) French mathematician Marie—Sophie Germain contrib— uted notably to the study of acoustics, elasticity, and the theory of numbers. Sophie Germain, as engraved by 19th century French sculptor and painter Zacharie ... Megan Watts Hughes (1842-1907), generally known as Margaret, was a passionate Welsh singer and inventor, who became one of the first women to present an invention at the Royal Society in London . Chladni’s results were picturesque, but their chief effect on French mathematicians was to emphasize that there was no pure mathematical model for such phenomena. Biography Marie-Sophie Germain was the middle daughter of Ambroise-François Germain (1726-1821), a prosperous merchant, goldsmith and jeweller who later became a silk-merchant, and Marie-Madeleine Gruguelu (?-1823) the daughter of the goldsmith Jean Gruguelu who was a friend of philosophers and political economists. Upon reading the legend of Archimedes' death, she developed an interest in mathematics. The first of these, probably written in her youth, contains, capsule summaries of scientific subjects, brief comments on physicsts throughout the ages, and personal opinions. Germain (1776 - 1831) defied all expectations of her time. Carl Friedrich Gauss’s textbook, Disquisitiones arithmeticae, published in 1801 (Latin), remains to this day a true masterpiece of mathematical examination. . Sophie Germain, in full Marie-Sophie Germain, (born April 1, 1776, Paris, France—died June 27, 1831, Paris), French mathematician who contributed notably to the study of acoustics, elasticity, and the theory of numbers. Ernst Chladni (1776-1827) On November 30, 1756, German physicist and musician Ernst Florens Friedrich Chladni was born. Beginning with a historical view, the book covers the achievements of women in various audio professions and then focuses on organizations that support and train women and girls in the industry. She was founder and president of the Catgut Society, an organization devoted to the study and appreciation of stringed instruments . Germain did become a celebrity once she dropped her pseudonym, however. Retrieved October 25, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sophie-germain. She also contributed to acoustics, elasticity, and number theory. Sophie Germain’s contribution was to show the impossibility of postive integral solutions if x, y, z are prime to one another and to n, where n is any prime less than generalized her theorem to all primes less than 1,700, and more recectly Barkley Rosser extended the upper limit to 41,000,000. Encyclopedia.com. Maryam Mirzakhani is also a mathematician Sophie Germain who contributed to the dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces (real not flat). Found inside – Page 8MATHEMATICAL ACOUSTICS AND MODELS OF VIBRATIONS In the eighteenth century, many problems of acoustical physics were tackled and ... Sophie Germain (Lindsay, 1973) provided in 1815 a mathematical theory of the vibrations of plates using ... . . In 1829 Germain learned she had breast cancer. Sophie Germain, however, defined the mean curvature as half the sum, that is, the arithmetic mean, of the principal curvature. She is best known for her work in number theory and contributions to the applied mathematics of acoustics and elasticity. However, she managed to study the lecture notes and started sending own works to the faculty member Joseph Louis Lagrange [7] under the name of a former student. Pre-image: ABC with vertices A(−3, 4), B(−1, 12), C(4… That memoir received an honorable mention. ." Found inside – Page 23... Marie-Sophie Germain (1776–1831) a celebrated mathematician, who derived the correct fourth-order differential equation. The works of these early pioneers, along with his own insights, ultimately were collected into the monumental ... Provides biographical essays on women mathematicians from around the world from antiquity to the present mathematics. Alicia Stott. Her mathematical research was financially . French mathematician who contributed notably to the study of acoustics, elasticity, and the theory of numbers. (October 25, 2021). Sophie Germain died on 27 June 1831, at age 55. A simple mechanical model is presented to calculate the mean velocity within the panel as a function of frequency and . Encyclopedia.com. Voir le profil de Thierry Boscals-De-Reals sur LinkedIn, le plus grand réseau professionnel mondial. . Germain's one formal prize, the Institut de France's Gold Medal Prix Extraordinaire of 1816, was awarded to her on her third attempt, despite persistent weaknesses in her arguments. The foundational work of Sophie Germain (1778-1831) on Fermat's Last Theorem, a problem unsolved in mathematics into the late 20th century, stood unmatched for over one hundred years. There is some dispute regarding the exact occupation of her father but according to most accounts he was either a prosperous merchant who dealt in silks or a goldsmith. Sophie Germaine dedicated herself early to becoming a mathematician, despite family obstacles and lack of precedent. He also undertook pioneering work in the . She aces a ramp with a rise of 4m and a run of 3 m. This appeared in French translation in 1809 (Traité d'acoustique). Greenwood Press, 1987. However, even though she had won the prize, Germain was still not able to attend the Academy’s sessions as a woman until two years later, the befriended Joseph Fourier acquired tickets for her. rejection of her. Encyclopedia.com. Learn More. Sophie Germain: An Essay in the History of the Theory of Elasticity . 25 Oct. 2021 . She outshone even Joseph-Louis Lagrange by not only showing an interest in prime numbers and considering a few theorems, about which Lagrange had corresponded with Gauss, but already attempting a few proofs. Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Century, 48: 1894. Found insideSophie Germain and Poisson tried different but competing models of the behaviour; their work is more significant for elasticity theory than for acoustics as such (§8.6), but it helped clarify the differential equation for this type of ... mathematics. She studied acoustics (the science of sound) and number theory (an advanced branch of arithmetic) at a time when women were not… A taste for such subjects as mathematics and science is rare enough, he announced, but true intellectual rewards can only be reaped by those who delve into obscurities with a courage that matches their talents. (October 25, 2021). However, Sophie read an account of the death of Archimedes at the hands of a Roman soldier and was so moved by this story that she decided she too must become a mathematician. Eventually, she became so highly regarded by prominent mathematicians of her era that she was recommended for an honorary Ph.D from the University of Göttingen. Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. "Sophie Germain She also contributed to acoustics, elasticity, and number theory. Edited by Louise S. Grinstein and PaulJ. mechanics, celestial mecahanics, astronomy, mathematics. Found inside – Page 12Sophie Germain wrote a fourth-order equation to describe plate vibrations, and thus won a prize provided by the French emperor Napoleon, although Kirchhoff later gave a more accurate treatment of the boundary conditions. Within the “Cite this article” tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Encyclopedia of World Biography. One of her most important results in number theory was her work on an unsolved problem called Fermat's Last Theorem: "Sophie Germain's foundational work on Fermat's Last Theorem, a problem unsolved in mathematics into the late 20th century, stood unmatched for over one hundred years." ("Sophie Germain," Notable). ." Her successes were all the more remarkable in light of the fact that she was largely self-taught and practiced at the fringes of a mathematical establishment largely closed to women at that time. Her prescient ideas on the unity of all intellectual disciplines and equal importance of the arts and sciences, as well as her stature as a pioneer in women's history, are amply memorialized in the Ecole Sophie Germain and the rue Germain in Paris. Mathematics. The Germain library sufficed until Sophie was eighteen. Please note: Text within images is not translated, some features may not work properly after translation, and the translation may not accurately convey the intended meaning. Germain continued to work in mathematics until her death on June 27, 1831, in Paris. Original Works. In mathematical physics, Germain is known for her work in acoustics and elasticity. Most mathematicians did not attempt to solve the problem because Lagrange assured them that the mathematical methods available were inadequate for the task. Her death certificate listed her not as mathematician or scientist, but rentier (property holder). Eventually, it was won by Sophie Germain, the first woman to win a prize fromt he Paris Academy of Sciences. (December 1996). see also Euler, Leonhard; Fermat's Last Theorem; Newton, Sir Isaac. Found inside – Page 53—CHLADNI In early 1809, a peculiar acoustics demonstration by Chladni, a German physicist, arose in Sophie Germain her intellectual curiosity. At that time, the learned community in Paris was once again vibrant, spurred by the support ... Variations of this technique are still commonly used in the design and construction of acoustic instruments such as violins, guitars, and cellos. Sophie Germain, in full Marie-Sophie Germain, (born April 1, 1776, Paris, France—died June 27, 1831, Paris), French mathematician who contributed notably to the study of acoustics, elasticity, and the theory of numbers. iXblue | 13,707 followers on LinkedIn. Scientists have also studied the speed of sound through liquids and solids. Yet this conclusion is not borne out by certain facts indicating Gauss took special notice. https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sophie-germain, "Sophie Germain Sophie Germain (1776-1831) was a French mathematician, scientist and philosopher. Students at the school were expected to prepare end-of-term reports. The three contests held by the Paris Academie Royale des Sciences from 1811 to 1816, regarding acoustics and elasticity of vibrating plates, never had more than one entry—hers. © 2019 Encyclopedia.com | All rights reserved. Next to mathematics, the young woman also started to teach herself in Greek and Latin in order to understand the works of Newton and Euler. Her theory of surface vibrations brought her the prestigious Paris Academy of Sciences Prize in 1816, the first ever won by […] "Germain, Sophie She wrote a mathematical explanation involving wave-like functions to describe how sound created the geometric patterns. She won a prize from the French Academy of Sciences in 1816 for the development of mathematical models for the vibration of elastic surfaces. MacTutor History of Mathematics Archives,. He told his colleagues about her and some of them worked with her. The foundational work of Sophie Germain (1778-1831) on Fermat's Last Theorem, a problem unsolved in mathematics into the late 20th century, stood unmatched for over one hundred years. Did Sophie Germain get married? Sophie Germain: The Mathematics Of Elasticity. After teaching herself Latin and Greek, she read Newton and Euler despite her parent’s opposition to a career in mathematics. One teacher, Joseph-Louis Lagrange, was impressed by Germain’s abilities, especially after he found out she was a woman. The group in-house expertise includes innovative systems and solutions devoted to inertial navigation, subsea positioning, underwater imaging . Sophie Germain. Three cases are presented: (1) classical probabilities and random variables; (2) quantum probabilities and observable operators; (3) dynamic probabilities and observation trees. On Sophie Germain of her work, see L. E. Dickson, History of the Theory of Numbers (New York, 1950), I, 382; II, 732-735, 757, 763, 769; M. L. Durbreil-Jacotin, “Figures de mathématixciennesm,” in F. Le Lionnais, Les grands courants de la pensée mathématique (Paris, 1962), pp. Along with that she had also explored other field of studies, for instance, philosophy and physics. Sophie Germain made a major contributions to number theory (in particular, the theory of primes), acoustics and elasticity. . (October 25, 2021). No prize was awarded to any one; but Lagrange, using her fundamental hypotheses, was able to deduce the correct partial differential equation for the vibrations of elastic plates. Required fields are marked *. Sophie Germain (1776-1831), a young French woman, won Napoleon's 3,000 Franc prize in 1816. Known for coining the term "polytope" for a convex solid in four dimensions. Found inside – Page 5... of these figures were given by Sophie Germain (1776–1831) in 1815 and by Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–87) in 1850, ... sums of simple harmonic tones Ohm's 'law of acoustics' was Justified in 1863 by Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–94), ... (October 25, 2021). Revolution began, and, although her father served in the revolutionary legislative assembly, the tumultuous events of 1789 took their toll on Sophie. She quite literally hid in the family library, where, for the next six years, she undertook a campaign of self-education that would have been impressive even under conditions of peace. Examines the lives and scholarly endeavors of women who have profoundly affected mathematical thought since antiquity Though published by a mentor of hers, Adrien-Marie Legendre, it is still referred to in textbooks as Germain's Theorem. ." Many historians believe that she was the daughter of a pretty wealthy silk merchant while others assume, her father used to be a goldsmith. MIT Press, 1986. Dictionary of Scientific Biography . Lagrange was but one of many distinguished mathematicians who, to one degree or another, took Germain under their wings. When she was thirteen, she was in her father's study reading a copy of History of Mathematics. ." In this period, Sophie Germain also started corresponding with Gauss, again under pseudonym, who admired her courage and intelligence. 25 Oct. 2021 . Sophie Germain, France’s greatest female mathematician prior to the present ear, was the the daugther of Ambroise-François Germain and Marie-Madeleine Gruguelu. D. Appleton and Co. Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey. Lived 1776 - 1831. So great was Lagrange's respect for the work of "le Blanc" that he sought out the mystery man and, when he discovered that le Blanc was a woman, he extolled her abilities. When the École Polytechnique opened, Sophie Germain was about 18 years old and of course, as a woman not allowed to attend any courses. Her parents name were Ambroise-Francois . Biographies of Women Mathematicians. Gray, Mary W. "Sophie Germain (1776–1831)," in Women of Mathematics. One such mathematician was Sophie Germain. ." Later, she would drop the "Marie" because both her mother and her older sister also bore that name in hyphenated form. When the French Revolution started in France, Germain was 13 years old and it is widely assumed that she had to stay inside due to safety reasons and that she spent a lot of time in her father’s library to keep herself entertained. However, at some point, Gauss and Germain’s correspondence stopped and she became more and more interested in the Ernst Chladni and his experiments. Her famed attempt to provide the mystery of Chladni figures with a pure mathematical model was made with no competition or collaboration. Famous For: Formulating Sophie Germain's theorem. In that work Sophie Germain stated that the law for the general vibrating elastic surface is given by the fourth-order partial differential equation. Found inside – Page 148With an Introd. by E. H. C. Hildebrandt Harold Thayer Davis. ' - 1 ... . To renew the charge, book must be brought to the. 1 • « ' • . T .- ...... , 1 ii* a: • r « ; . \ • INDEX OF Acoustics, Sophie Germain on, 131 Adler planetarium, 1. Abstract. That year was when the French (b. Paris, France, 1 April 1776; d. Paris, 27 June 1831). Encyclopedia.com. Between 1811 and 1815, Germain was the sole contender in three contests sponsored by the Institut de France, which challenged contestants to "formulate a mathematical theory of elastic surfaces and indicate just how it agrees with empirical evidence." Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz independently developed the theory of infinitesimal calculus in the later 17th century. Some interpret Gauss' lack of intervention in Germain's education and eventual silence as a personal Mathematics. PAINLEVé, PAUL Sophie Germain-Wikipedia By matching these Chladni patterns with musical notes corresponding to the same frequencies, the father-and-son team of Thomas and Stuart Mitchell produced a tune which Stuart calls the Rosslyn Motet. . . In early 1809, a peculiar acoustics demonstration by Chladni, a German physicist, arose in Sophie Germain her intellectual curiosity. Found inside – Page 164The theory of thin plates is due to S. D. Poisson, “Memoir on elastic surfaces,” 1814, “Memoir on the equilibrium and movement of elastic bodies,” 1820; Sophie Germain, “Researches on the theory of elastic surfaces,” 1821; ... We’ve been busy, working hard to bring you new features and an updated design. She studied acoustics (the science of sound) and number theory (an advanced branch of arithmetic) at a time when women were not allowed to study mathematics. The aid provided for children exposed to intimate partner violence covers a range of programs, in particular community services . Mathematics. Exposition Press, 1955. This came about in the follwing manner. Association for Women in Mathematics Newsletter, 6: September-October 1976. Unlike her female predecessors and contemporaries, Sophie Germain was an impressive mathematician and made lasting contributions to both number theory and the theories of plate vibrations and elasticity. The modes are those of flexural or bending waves first described mathematically by Sophie Germain (1816). Her fields of inquiry include acoustics, number theory, and elasticity--she was also interested in Fermat's Last Theorem, proposing "Sophie Germain's Theorem." ." From the ages of 13 to 18 Sophie, as she was called to minimize confusion with the other Maries in her immediate Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. . Correspondence with great scholars became the means by which she obtained ther higher education in mathematics, literature, biology, and philosophy, She wrote to Legendre about problems suggested by his 1798 Théorie des nombres. Parallel with and subsquent to her pure mathematical research, she also made contributions to the applied mathematics of acoustics and elasticity. "Sophie Germain Her studies were interrupted by the French Revolution, so she began to read widely from her father’s library. Found inside – Page 39Acoustics Early in the century the velocity of sound given in a famous equation of Newton was corrected to agree ... the underlying differential equation of the fourth degree due to Sophie Germain ( 1810 ) and to Lagrange ( 1811 ) . For this unremedied incompleteness, and the fact that she did not attend their public awards ceremony for fear of a scandal, this honor is still not considered fully legitimate. That story is told in Cheryl Bardoe's book, Nothing Stopped Sophie: The Story of Unshakable Mathematician Sophie Germain. Joseph-Louis Lagrange and the Celestial Mechanics, Charles Messier and the Discovery of Nebulae, Peter Paul Rubens and the Baroque Extravaganza, Peter Simon Pallas – A Pioneer in Zoography, Bernhard Riemann’s innovative approaches to Geometry, James Joseph Sylvester – Lawyer and Mathematician, Whewell’s Gazette: Year 3, Vol. Found inside – Page 162In order to cross the acoustical mode of knowledge making with visual75 results, he uses a so-called Chladni ... Sophie Germain and G.R. Kirchhoff, respectively, provided the mathematical theory that underlies them in 1815 and 1850. Addison-Wesley Publishing, 1978. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Even so, the patterns for irregular shapes remained (and to some extent remains) unexplained. PASCAL, BLAISE Found inside – Page 476This resulted in Gauss's discovery that Monsieur Leblanc was in reality a woman , Sophie Germain ( 1776-1831 ) . ... Sophie Germain made notable discoveries not only in number theory but also in acoustics and the theory of elasticity . Each time she offered a new breakthrough: a fundamental hypothesis, an experimentally disprovable claim, and a treatment of curved and planar surfaces. Despite her parents' most desperate measures, she always managed to sneak out at night and read by candlelight. explain the patterns. The modes are those of flexural or bending waves first described mathematically by Sophie Germain (1816). The house on the rue de Savoie in which she spent her last days was also designated a historical landmark. https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/sophie-germain, "Sophie Germain (b. Clermont-Ferrand, Puy-de-Dôme, Frnace, 19 Jume 1623; d. Paris, France 19 August 1662) mathematics, mechanical compu…, Galois, Evariste Sophie Germain was a French mathematician. In 1813 the Academy reopened the contest, and Sophie Germain offered a revised paper which included the question of experimental verification. Sophie was born on April 1, 1776 in Rue Saint- Denis, Paris, France. Among the achievements of Sophie Germain's career was her attempt at a proof of Fermat's Last Theorem. Born: April 1, 1776, in Rue Saint-Denis, Paris, France. Beginning with a historical view, the book covers the achievements of women in various audio professions and then focuses on organizations that support and train women and girls in the industry. She carried on a lengthy correspondence with Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855) and in 1806 used her family's political connections to help protect the German mathematician from Napoleonic soldiers invading his homeland. Lagrange’s life divides very naturally into th…, Pascal, Blaise Charles Scribner's Sons, 1972. Retrieved October 25, 2021 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/germain-sophie. At yovisto academic video search, you may be interested in a video demonstration of the Chladni Experiments by Harvard University. Acoustics, the science concerned with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound. Germain also corresponded with mathematician Adrien Marie Legendre, who used her suggestions in one of his publications. Found inside – Page xxivAn Experiential Approach to Sound, Music, and Psychoacoustics Eric J. Heller ... Fascinating characters like Ernst Chladni and Sophie Germain enliven the subject, as do scientific curiosities, matters of importance to society, ...
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