Early Warning for Infectious Disease Outbreak: Theory and Practice is divided into three parts, with the first section introducing basic theory and key technologies of early warning and the basic principles of infectious disease ... ning versus targeted surveillance. In fact vector surveillance as a monitoring activity has proven very useful for disease early detection and control in recent years. In response to the call of the 48th World Health Assembly for a substantial revision of the International Health Regulations, this new edition of the Regulations will enter into force on June 15, 2007. A basic understanding of the practices of public health and . Collect surveillance data. The approaches identified in this review that follow these holistic perspectives comprise risk-based methods, monitoring health events combined with specific disease outbreaks, enhancing of participatory surveillance and the use and integration of digital information to allow the rapid, cost-effective identification of threats to also improve timeliness. and Our objective was to summarize a set of epidemiological tools that have offered useful results for the early detection of diseases without aiming to be prescriptive or limiting the potential expansion of research towards new methodologies. Found insideDiagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention, and Treatment Committee to Study Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, Institute of Medicine ... The disadvantages of active surveillance are threefold: (1) it is very expensive to collect data from a population ... • Mandated creation of an active electronic postmarket surveillance system for regulated products . 0000008466 00000 n This course covers basic epidemiology principles, concepts, and procedures useful in the surveillance and investigation of health-related states or events. iv. For instance, it is believed that the outbreaks of bluetongue in Europe could have been detected and controlled faster if more information about the vector distribution and competence had been available [Reference Giovannini154, Reference Pérez de Diego, Sánchez-Cordón and Sánchez-Vizcaíno155]. Since the interactions of the interface connecting humans, livestock and wildlife have intensified in the last 20–30 years (mainly as a result of anthropogenic factors), they have become an important driver of disease emergence [Reference Siembieda159]. Peeler, EJ Local or state health departments initiate the collection of information from laboratories, physicians, health care providers, or the general population. Wolf, Tiffany M. 2019. Routine reports (monitoring data), surveys and special studies, case investigations, census are a part of surveillance. Williamson, Susanna and Another recent development in surveillance methods with a clear application to early detection systems is the use of syndromic data. Napp, Sebastián Ruiz‐Zarzuela, Imanol Matching on a factor linked to other factors may automatically control for the confounding role of those factors (e.g. STÄRK, K. D. C. Although these activities are practically and economically not always the most efficient, the review showed their great potential for early detection and interest in their improvement. However, ‘preparedness’ can be interlinked and complementary with surveillance concepts to minimize their consequences in a timely, efficient and cost-effective way. Allue, Eduard and This volume will be of special interest to physicians, nurses, mental health practitioners, school and public health officials, policymakers, researchers, educators, and anyone else involved in serving families and children, especially in ... VIII. h�b```b``ud`e``�eb@ !6v�@������8�;�RT�K9�2,i0{0��K�M6��z���]c�S��]z�BLC*~���hːqP9yEϩS�eiHgڞ��|�k�D�����g��7�Hn& ���.Kv�����-��$啄a��թ���K>28r��2������]뚹��W�̀���b�pt��)��jؠc�����9�V| 2019. �_5ɺY$�qI�+d��Ԗ�O���Jp�j�}. It is an epidemiological tool. Iriarte Barbosa, María Victoria The establishment of these ‘One Health/Ecohealth’ networks will become a key requirement for the effective protection of public health, trade, and animal health and welfare [Reference Zinsstag169]. 0000056920 00000 n 2018. PASSIVE SURVEILLANCE Note: This is only a Guide! Kumar, Santosh Gunn, George J. . Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that these systems will still rely on the availability of effective laboratory testing to diagnose the underlying infectious causes of any emerging trends and alarms [Reference Koopmans151]. Travis, Dominic A. The complexity and dynamism of the underlying eco-social system within which these pathogens emerge has emphasized the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to improve early warning surveillance systems, thus comprising epidemiologists, producers, field veterinarians, pathologists, animal health consultants, diagnostic laboratories, ecologists, wildlife experts, economists, social scientists, and national and international institutions [Reference Leung, Middleton and Morrison168]. But Don't Recommend It for Their Own Patients One Health and its practical implications for surveillance of endemic zoonotic diseases in resource limited settings. Fraile, Lorenzo Surveillance and containment Veterinary Epidemiology Paper 2 Page 1 of 4 and Its major disadvantage is its high use of resources. Jones, JB Therefore, we have covered a detailed list of methods in early detection that allow a reliable overview and analysis. Magallón‐Barajas, Francisco J. Syndromic data collection can be useful, but the role it plays in the detection of different health events needs to be further clarified or demonstrated, and systems that are currently being developed need further validation as more data become available. COMIN, A. 2018. 0000001866 00000 n Tarancon, Vicens FEM Wiki home. This development includes the promotion of the ‘open trade’ concept, which means removing regulatory barriers for the purpose of encouraging trade between countries and enhancing competitiveness both within and outside the European Union. This User’s Guide is intended to support the design, implementation, analysis, interpretation, and quality evaluation of registries created to increase understanding of patient outcomes. . Define disease surveillance and infectious disease epidemiology; Explain what surveillance data is used for and the different types of disease surveillance . Passive as well as active MOSS have their disadvantages when used for rare health-related events such as emerging and re-emerging diseases. Knobel, Darryn L. These efforts have led to an improved understanding of the epidemiology of these diseases in wild ungulate populations, specifically the recognition and Muniesa, Ana Public health surveillance systems generate information that drives action, and the data must be of sufficient quality and with a resolution and timeliness that matches objectives. Matching is a useful method to optimize resources in a case control study. Overview of Salmonella Serotypes1 laboratory-epidemiology collaboration between 13 laboratories in 10 countries. 0 Reviews. standing of the epidemiology of the disease, and les . This course covers principles and methods of communicable disease epidemiology. de Carvalho Ferreira, Helena Cardoso Gilson, Daniel Wolf, Tiffany M. Corbellini, Luis Gustavo 0000007702 00000 n and In this globalized world, the spread of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases has become one of the most important threats to animal production and public health. Although risk maps are relatively easy to interpret and provide extremely useful information to allocate preventive measures, there is still work to be done to integrate the results of these analyses into the design of risk-based sampling strategies for early detection. Gilby, Ian C. The essential guide to controlling and managing today’s communicable diseases The fourth edition of Communicable Disease Control and Health Protection Handbook offers public health workers of all kinds an authoritative and up-to-date ... The number of research publications related to surveillance topics and methods is continuing to increase. But it is often more complete than passive surveillance. Frean, John Smith, Richard P Brian L. Strom, Stephen E. Kimmel, Sean Hennessy. However, their use in operational surveillance systems is not common [Reference Perez145]. Epidemiology. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Therefore, further studies need to be conducted to establish data collection and diagnostic methods for new, exotic and re-emerging pathogens adapted to this interface. DÓREA, F. Almudena Sánchez-Matamoros is in receipt of a scholarship from the PICATA Programme (CEI Campus Moncloa). Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems. By contributing content to FEMWIKI, users agree to the conditions as described in the legal notice. Raphael, Jane VII. Víctor Rodríguez-Prieto, Marina Vicente-Rubiano and Consuelo Rubio-Guerri hold an FPU pre-doctoral scholarship funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. Surveillance is one of the cornerstones for controlling Covid-19 pandemic. Risk maps for range expansion of the Lyme disease vector, International Journal of Health Geographics, The ecological surveillance of West Nile virus in Catalonia: in continuous evolution, First report in Italy of the exotic mosquito species. Meyer, A. Franco Merletti, Colin L. Soskolne and Paolo Vineis. Office of Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services (OSELS) . However, we have captured the main tools that could be used for surveillance purposes but we are conscious that new methods may arise in addition to the ones included in this review. Active Surveillance Advantages-Can be very sensitive.-Can collect more detailed information.-May be more representative. . Singer, Randall S. 5 . PEYRE, M. Simpson, Gregory J.G. Ruiz-Zarzuela, Imanol Now in its fifth edition, Pharmacoepidemiology defines the discipline and provides the most comprehensive guidance of any book on the topic. . The adoption of risk-based methods and other new approaches can be facilitated by providing evidence for their cost-effectiveness. . Do wild ungulates allow improved monitoring of flavivirus circulation in Spain? xref (, http://www.animalhealthsurveillance.org/index.php?n=Main.TerminologyFinal, http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095026881400212X. Kamenya, Shadrack Must The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines public health surveillance as "ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health-related event for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health" (CDC, 2001). It is designed for federal, state, and local government health professionals and private sector health professionals who are responsible for disease surveillance or investigation. The next steps to improve surveillance systems in the European Union are: (i) the development of evaluation frameworks to study the applicability of these novel methodologies integrated with, or replacing, currently used methods, while maintaining or improving the sensitivity and specificity of current standards of surveillance systems; and (ii) the definition of parameters that should be considered and recorded in each country and which level of detail this information should have (i.e. 0000056959 00000 n Means of validating the representative nature of passive reports and providing a more complete reporting of health events. }. Systematic review of surveillance systems and methods for early detection of exotic, new and re-emerging diseases in animal populations. 0000002216 00000 n In recent years, early detection applied to surveillance in wild populations has become an emerging research area [Reference Morner157]. Marcotty, Tanguy Define prevalence. 0000006927 00000 n In contrast, an active surveillance system employs auto-mated monitoring of public health databases to proactively infer associations between drugs and adverse events. 0000019635 00000 n Usually concerns . The potential role of syndromic surveillance as a part of early detection in animal health requires further research. de Blas, Ignacio Flowchart summarizing the article selection process. Singer, Randall S. This is the first collection of theoretical frameworks, analyses of empirical data, and case studies to be assembled on this topic, published to stimulate debate and promote collaborative work. In addition, the concepts and terms related to surveillance have been continuously evolving over time. 0000005725 00000 n In addition, 80 percent agreed that active surveillance was underused in the United States. Hattendorf J(1), Bardosh KL(2), Zinsstag J(3). disadvantages of active surveillance - expensive - time and labor intensive. To monitor trends, incidence, prevalence, geographical spread, outbreaks. This book is one little step forward to bring together in 17 chapters the experiences of malaria-expert researchers from five continents to present updated information on disease epidemiology and control at the national/regional level, ... 0000061613 00000 n 2018. Gordis Chapters 3* Quiz 6: Surveillance and Measuring Morbidity** Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of passive and active surveillance. Compare different measures of morbidity, including incidence rates, cumulative incidence, attack rates, prevalence, and person-time at risk. Active surveillance involves actively searching for particular diseases or informationj passive surveillance involves data col . Limitations of Surveillance SURVEY National Surveillance •Maintained by the CDC Epidemiology Program Office (EPO) •NNDSS is a mechanism for the regular collection, compilation, and publication of reports of disease notifiable at the national level Additional coverage includes: · Updated guidance for new tools in field investigations, including the latest technologies for data collection and incorporating data from geographic information systems (GIS) · Tips for investigations in ... Correia-Gomes, Carla ";var _rwObsfuscatedHref10 = "org";var _rwObsfuscatedHref = _rwObsfuscatedHref0+_rwObsfuscatedHref1+_rwObsfuscatedHref2+_rwObsfuscatedHref3+_rwObsfuscatedHref4+_rwObsfuscatedHref5+_rwObsfuscatedHref6+_rwObsfuscatedHref7+_rwObsfuscatedHref8+_rwObsfuscatedHref9+_rwObsfuscatedHref10; document.getElementById('rw_email_contact').href = _rwObsfuscatedHref. more accurate and complete data. The medical commu-nity, however, has long argued against passive surveillance, citing its high susceptibility to . We thank the three referees for their valuable comments on the manuscript, and Eduardo Fernández Carrión for his assistance in interpreting the results. In all, 125 scientific documents w … As a result of the control efforts for this infection in Europe, Culicoides spp. Use surveillance definitions IV. For supplementary material accompanying this paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S095026881400212X. 0000009301 00000 n and The surveillance of HWs exposed to SARS-CoV-2 is aimed at an early identification of the infected subjects to avoid the spread of a nosocomial outbreak. V. Rodríguez-Prieto, M. Vicente-Rubiano, . 2019. 2020. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Disadvantages-Cost.-Labor intensive.-Difficult to sustain over time. 0000010814 00000 n SCHAUER, B. passive), but there is an active involvement of the investigators. "newEcommerce": true, Tongue, Sue C VI. Sánchez-Vizcaíno, José Manuel Active surveillance Found inside – Page 164found to have 65% sensitivity and 98% specificity when compared with active surveillance (retrospective review of hospital records and discharge notes by trained medical personnel).What are the benefits and disadvantages of setting up ... Survival Analysis and Life Tables . We considered the possibility of combining the strengths of both methods in order to maximize case capture and improve efficiency for epidemiologic research on cerebrovascular disease. . data are likely to be incomplete and underestimate disease in the population Active Surveillance -regular periodic collection of case reports by telephone or personal visits to the reporting individual to obtain the data Advantage of Active . Terio, Karen Passive surveillance advantage inexpensive passive. HÄSLER, B. The expansion of the European Union and the increase in population over the past 20 years have led to important socioeconomic and health consequences for Member States (MS). . It is also a salient text for public health practitioners and health policymakers. "This book is a 'must-read' for students contemplating a career in Public Health or for anyone who is already in practice. Medical Devices and the Public's Health examines the current 510(k) clearance process and whether it optimally protects patients and promotes innovation in support of public health. 0000002051 00000 n Cabanillas‐Ramos, Julio Frequency and proportion of each exclusion criterion used in the article selection process, Frequency of the different surveillance modalities found in the review, also identifying the use of risk-based methods and the number of papers addressing multiple threats (for both, expressed as a count and percentage in parenthesess), Frequency of the different methodologies and tools found in the review, also identifying the surveillance purposes the papers address, Diseases or threats studied in the articles, grouped according to the general categories used in the systematic review, Frequency of the study countries in the review. Morgan, Kenton Ll. Author information: (1)Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,. HOINVILLE, L. By 2006, it accounted for more than 60 percent. A programme can use passive reporting with active follow-up verification of certain congenital anomalies to verify . Surveillance is critical for improving population health. what is active surveillance. The same limitation applies to the other approaches identified in this review. MARTINEZ AVILÉS, M. The second edition updates and expands upon the standard methodology for condcuting prevention effectiveness analyses. The review has shown that a significant amount of work has been done in relation to the development of risk-based approaches for identifying populations at high risk for certain infections, especially by risk mapping. 0000015625 00000 n Noreddin, Ayman Bellini, Silvia Charbonnier, Pablo 0000005421 00000 n Weyer, Jacqueline WITTEVEEN, G. Pfeiffer, D.U. Mackenzie, C. BISDORFF, B. Gillespie, Thomas R. BROUWER, A. The content of FEM Wiki is provided by users of the platform and does not necessarily represent opinion of ECDC. For this reason, MS agreed to follow strict legal and health requirements with a view to minimizing high-risk contacts. advantages of active surveillance. Describe the important role of epidemiology in disease surveillance. (, Frequency of papers according to target diseases in different world areas. advantages of active surveillance. The disadvantages of passive surveil-lance are factors such as under-reporting and selection bias depending on the data source. VIAL, F. active surveillance 8. There are considerable inconsistencies in the use of the terms 'monitoring' and 'surveillance'. DEFINITIONS OF SURVEILLANCE A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 4th ed, 2001 (J.M. Muniesa, Ana 463 0 obj <>stream Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists. Heneberg, Petr Active surveillance requires substantially more time and resources and is therefore less commonly used in emergencies. "figures": true, I developed and taught a course on SAS for epidemiology masters-level students for a number of years, so many of my statistical notes, use SAS examples. Hostname: page-component-5f95dd588d-zfpxq Clear and concise throughout, this book features a series of authoritative chapters arranged in a format that encourages comprehension of key concepts. This review assesses Korea's public health system, highlights areas of strength and weakness, and makes a number of recommendations for improvement. Quan, Vanessa usually more finite than surveillance Surveillance system may be built around serial surveys. "newUsageEvents": true John Wiley & Sons, Mar 5, 2012 - Medical - 976 pages. Eze, Jude I. <<368AACF5D432BC4DA36D8A1BE184B6AB>]/Prev 419725/XRefStm 1866>> and 2006. . Webs of Causation 10 . The present volume evaluates the costs and merits of both the current BioWatch program and the plans for a new generation of BioWatch devices. and Feature Flags: { Total loading time: 1.185 Systematic review of surveillance systems and methods... VISAVET Centre and Animal Health Department, Veterinary School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain, CEI Campus Moncloa, UCM-UPM, Madrid, Spain, Center for Animal Disease Modeling and Surveillance, Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, UC Davis, CA, USA, AHVLA Centre for Epidemiology & Risk Analysis, Animal Health Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey, UK, RVC Veterinary Epidemiology, Economics and Public Health Group, Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, London, UK, SVA Department of Disease Control and Epidemiology, National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden, FLI Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany, https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026881400212X, Reference Kitching, Thrusfield and Taylor, Reference Tataryn, Berezowski and Campbell, Reference Recuenco, Blanton and Rupprecht, Reference Pérez de Diego, Sánchez-Cordón and Sánchez-Vizcaíno, Reference Martinez-Lopez, Perez and Sanchez-Vizcaino, Towards a conceptual framework to support one-health research for policy on emerging zoonoses, Epidemic dynamics at the human-animal interface, Public health threat of new, reemerging, and neglected zoonoses in the industrialized world, Novel orthobunyavirus in Cattle, Europe, 2011, Animals as sentinels of bioterrorism agents, Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the Challenges – Finding Solutions, Workshop Summary, Proposed terms and concepts for describing and evaluating animal-health surveillance systems, Emerging infectious diseases: public health issues for the 21st century, Public health. Most of the surveillance strategies that focused on wildlife compiled from this review investigated morbidity and mortality events, identified new pathogens, and monitored the status of known diseases within wild animal populations. In the U.S., the present system of drug surveillance is passive. 0000005043 00000 n TAYLOR, N. This is a great way to detect suspicious people and keep tabs on their activities.What's more,you can remote monitor your home and office by mobile phone anytime,anywhere. trailer Lonsdorf, Elizabeth V. Blumberg, Lucille H. Martínez-Avilés, Marta Time - Variation in Disease Over Time. and All the conclusions reached from these activities should be quickly shared worldwide in order to prevent the transboundary spread of new, exotic and re-emerging pathogens. A surveillance programme can use active ascertainment of neural tube defects to gather more detailed case information in a timely manner, while also using passive ascertainment of the other congenital anomalies under surveillance. West Nile transmission in resident birds in Italy, Participatory rural appraisal to investigate constraints in reporting cattle mortalities in the Odi district of North West Province, South Africa, Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, Institutionalization of participatory disease surveillance in Pakistan, Participatory surveillance of livestock diseases in district Karachi – Pakistan, International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, Application of subjective methods to the determination of the likelihood and consequences of the entry of foot-and-mouth disease into New Zealand, Zoological institution participation in a West Nile virus surveillance system: implications for public health, State-level zoonotic disease surveillance in the United States, Participatory surveillance of livestock and poultry diseases in Agidi development area of Nasarawa state Nigeria, Scientific Journal of Veterinary Advances, The roles of veterinary quarantine services in monitoring the movements of animals and disease prevention in Nigeria, Bird reservoirs and indicators of the West Nile fever in France, Comparison between active and passive surveillance within the network of epidemiological surveillance of animal diseases in Chad, Syndromic surveillance in the Netherlands for the early detection of West Nile virus epidemics, West Nile virus outbreak detection using syndromic monitoring in horses, Evaluation of post-farm-gate passive surveillance in swine for the detection of foot and mouth disease in Australia, Piloting mobile phone-based syndromic surveillance of livestock diseases in Kenya, Application of an automated surveillance data-analysis system in a laboratory-based early-warning system for detection of an abortion outbreak in mares, Development of a syndromic surveillance system for detection of disease among livestock entering an auction market, Journal of the American Medical Association, Evaluation of a veterinary-based syndromic surveillance system implemented for swine, Mobile phone-based infectious disease surveillance system, Sri Lanka, Syndromic surveillance using veterinary laboratory diagnostic test requests, The Belgian MoSS: a monitoring and surveillance system for the early detection and identification of (re-)emerging animal diseases, Development of an animal health monitoring system based on abattoir condemnation data, Detecting emerging diseases in farm animals through clinical observations, International Society for Animal Hygiene (ISAH), Using infrared thermal imaging for mass screening of production animals for early detection of febrile diseases, Use of spatiotemporal analysis of laboratory submission data to identify potential outbreaks of new or emerging diseases in cattle in Great Britain, Dead bird clusters as an early warning system for West Nile virus activity, The use of a web-based interactive geographical information system for the surveillance of bluetongue in Italy, The integrated system for public health monitoring of West Nile virus (ISPHM-WNV: a real-time GIS for surveillance and decision-making, Predicting outbreaks: a spatial risk assessment of West Nile virus in British Columbia, The evolution of internet-based map server applications in the United States Department of Agriculture, Veterinary Services, Perspectives on using remotely-sensed imagery in predictive veterinary epidemiology and global early warning systems, Development of a geographic information-driven real-time surveillance system for disease surveillance, Risk-based surveillance for H5N1 avian influenza virus in wild birds in Great Britain, An online operational alert system for the early detection of shrimp epidemics at the regional level based on real-time production, An integrated web system to support veterinary activities related to the management of information in epidemic emergencies, Evaluating surveillance in wild birds by the application of risk assessment of avian influenza introduction into Spain, An integrated tool for global disease surveillance early warning and disease control, Assessing the risks of West Nile virus-infected mosquitoes from transatlantic aircraft: implications for disease emergence in the United Kingdom, A spatial model to forecast raccoon rabies emergence, Identification of suitable areas for West Nile virus outbreaks in equid populations for application in surveillance plans: the example of the Castile and Leon region of Spain, Suitability and limitations of portion-specific abattoir data as part of an early warning system for emerging diseases of swine in Ontario, A model to approximate lake temperature from gridded daily air temperature records and its application in risk assessment for the establishment of fish diseases in the UK, An analysis of an early-warning system to reduce abortions in dairy cattle in Denmark incorporating both financial and epidemiologic aspects, Establishing an additional surveillance system for the control of classical swine fever (CSF) in domestic pigs in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, Assessment of different monitoring strategies for early detection of FMD incursion in a free wild boar population area: a simulation modelling approach, Evaluation of methods for measuring coverage and representativeness of an early-warning disease surveillance system, Assessment of the utility of routinely collected cattle census and disposal data for syndromic surveillance, Factors associated with whole carcass condemnation rates in provincially-inspected abattoirs in Ontario 2001–2007: implications for food animal syndromic surveillance, Risk factors associated with West Nile virus mortality in American crow populations in southern Quebec, Detecting new and emerging diseases on livestock farms using an early detection system, Moving-average trigger for early detection of rapidly increasing mortality in caged table-egg layers, Feasibility of applying syndrome surveillance algorithms to animal health and production data to improve emerging animal disease surveillance, The use of modelling to evaluate and adapt strategies for animal disease control, Suitability of bovine portion condemnations at provincially-inspected abattoirs in Ontario Canada for food animal syndromic surveillance, Identifying an outbreak of a novel swine disease using test requests for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome as a syndromic surveillance tool, Effective animal health disease surveillance using a network-enabled approach, A hidden Markov Model for analysis of Frontline veterinary data for emerging zoonotic disease surveillance, A modelling approach to the quantification of the benefits of a national surveillance programme, A sero-surveillance programme for early detection of low pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in layer chickens, Optimizing surveillance for livestock disease spreading through animal movements, Evaluating surveillance strategies for the early detection of low pathogenicity avian influenza infections, Robust surveillance of animal diseases: an application to the detection of bluetongue disease, Evaluation and optimization of surveillance systems for rare and emerging infectious diseases, Validity assessment of the cattle health surveillance system in the Netherlands, Optimizing early detection of avian influenza H5N1 in backyard and free-range poultry production systems in Thailand, A neural network-based method for risk factor analysis of West Nile virus, Space-time clustering of mortality notifications in Pacific oysters of Charente sluices, France, 2008–2010, Temperature drops and the onset of severe avian influenza A H5N1 virus outbreaks, Rift Valley fever potential, Arabian Peninsula, OASIS: an assessment tool of epidemiological surveillance systems in animal health and food safety, Evaluation of surveillance systems in animal health: the need to adapt the tools to the contexts of developing countries, results from a regional workshop in South East Asia, Risk assessment applied to Spain's prevention strategy against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1, Scientific opinion on epizootic hemorrhagic disease, Quantitative risk assessment for the introduction of African swine fever virus into the European Union by legal import of live pigs, Evaluation of ProMED-mail as an electronic early warning system for emerging animal diseases: 1996 to 2004, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, Monitoring emerging diseases of fish and shellfish using electronic sources, Linkages between animal and human health sentinel data, Unsupervised clustering of wildlife necropsy data for syndromic surveillance, Use of data mining techniques to investigate disease risk classification as a proxy for compromised biosecurity of cattle herds in Wales, Animals as early detectors of bioevents: veterinary tools and a framework for animal-human integrated zoonotic disease surveillance, Analysis of clinical samples for early detection of classical swine fever during infection with low, moderate, and highly virulent strains in relation to the onset of clinical signs, A web-based system for near real-time surveillance and space-time cluster analysis of foot-and-mouth disease and other animal diseases, Modeling and syndromic surveillance for estimating weather-induced heat.related illness, Local implementation of a syndromic influenza surveillance system using emergency department data in Santander, Spain, Assessment of a syndromic surveillance system based on morbidity data: results from the Oscour (R) network during a heat wave, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Surveillance in hurricane evacuation centers – Louisiana, September-October 2005, Syndromic surveillance to assess the potential public health impact of the Icelandic volcanic ash plume across the United Kingdom, April 2010, Surveillance strategy for early detection of unusual infectious disease events, Sentinel surveillance systems with special focus on vector-borne diseases, Emergence of zoonotic arboviruses by animal trade and migration, Bluetongue in Spain: from the first outbreak to 2012, Schmallenberg virus in Italy: a retrospective survey in Culicoides stored during the bluetongue Italian surveillance program, Surveillance and monitoring of wildlife diseases, Establishing a European network for wildlife health surveillance, The role of wildlife in transboundary animal diseases, Epidemiology, molecular virology and diagnostics of Schmallenberg virus, an emerging orthobunyavirus in Europe, The classical swine fever epidemic 1997–1998 in the Netherlands: descriptive epidemiology, Descriptive epidemiology of a Classical Swine Fever outbreak in the Limburg Province of Belgium in 1997, Identifying areas for infectious animal disease surveillance in the absence of population data: highly pathogenic avian influenza in wild bird populations of Europe, A novel spatial and stochastic model to evaluate the within- and between-farm transmission of classical swine fever virus.
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